Geographical Journal of Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University

RELATIONSHIP OF RADIOACTIVE BACKGROUND OF THE ENVIRONMENT, AIR TEMPERATURE WITH SEISMOTECTONIC PROCESSES IN THE CARPATHIAN REGION

2025-05-15T10:05:42+03:00

The Transcarpathian inland trough is known as a seismogenerating region and is represented as an area where many earthquakes (50–150 events) are recorded annually. Against the background of these weak tremors on the territory of Transcarpathia and adjacent territories of neighboring countries, there are several stronger earthquakes felt by the population of the region. On the basis of complex geophysical observations in the Transcarpathian internal depression to identify the connections of seismotectonic processes, geodynamics of the region with changes in meteorological and geophysical fields. The object of the study is modern horizontal movements of the crust, the time distribution of local seismicity, the time distribution of parameters of the radioactive background of the environment, in particular beta-, gamma-radiation, variations in atmospheric air temperature. The subject of the study is the connections between the characteristics of modern horizontal movements of the crust, local seismic activity and parameters of the radioactive background of the environment, seismotectonic processes and changes in air temperature. When solving the tasks set by the article, methods for calculating the physical characteristics of geomechanical processes, in particular modern horizontal movements of the crust in the zone of the Oash deep fault, were used, correlation analysis coefficients were calculated. The article examines the analysis of the geodynamic and seismic state in the Carpathian region, for the first time the connections between the dynamics of crustal movements in the Oash deep fault zone, the temporal distribution of local seismicity, the response to these processes of the radioactive background of the environment for 2023 are investigated: intense crustal movements, seismic activity and anomalous variations in the parameters of geophysical fields are combined in these time intervals. The influence of atmospheric air temperature on geophysical and geological processes in the studied region is shown. Earthquakes occur in time intervals when intensive crustal movements are observed, in particular during rock compression, which is confirmed by variations in the calculated acceleration values of geomechanical crustal movements in the Oash deep fault zone. Variations of the radioactive background of the environment in 2023 in the central part of the Transcarpathian internal trough are considered, features of the temporal distribution of the observed parameters are noted. Changes in the meteorological state of the environment, in particular the temperature of atmospheric air at the regime station ,,Trosnik՚՚ are shown.

HISTORICAL CHANGES, CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR RESTORATION

2025-05-15T10:42:22+03:00

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of historical changes, the current state and prospects for the restoration of chernozems in Ukraine, which constitute one of the most important natural resources of the state. It was found that the historical development of chernozems was influenced by both natural conditions and anthropogenic activity, which caused significant changes in their structure, chemical composition and fertility.The processes of chernozem degradation were studied, which include a decrease in the level of humus, deterioration of the physicochemical properties of soils, as well as the development of erosion processes, which is due to excessive use of land for agricultural purposes, unbalanced use of agrochemicals, intensive farming and climate change.The current state of chernozems in Ukraine was analyzed, in particular the level of humus and the structural integrity of soils in different natural and climatic zones. The impact of the main anthropogenic and natural factors, such as urbanization, global warming and an increase in the frequency of droughts, on the state of soils was assessed. Particular attention is paid to the study of the effects of irrigation and excessive use of monocultures on the balance of nutrients in the soil, which contributes to the acceleration of degradation processes. The need to develop new approaches to managing the state of chernozems, taking into account their ecological and economic significance, is substantiated. Recommendations are developed for the introduction of biotechnology to stimulate the formation of humus, the use of organic farming, the use of soil protection technologies, such as mulching and no-till, as well as the introduction of water-saving irrigation systems. The creation of a national soil monitoring system is proposed, which will allow for timely detection of degradation processes and effective response to their development. The results obtained will contribute to the formation of a comprehensive strategy for the preservation of chernozems in Ukraine, which should ensure their rational use and gradual restoration, which will become the basis for sustainable development of the agricultural sector and the preservation of the country’s natural capital.

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF SEASONAL VALUES OF RELATIVE AIR HUMIDITY IN THE VOLYN REGION

2025-05-15T10:48:39+03:00

The article analyzes the seasonal values of relative air humidity at meteorological stations in the Volyn region. Based on the data from 1977−2020, research has shown that the average annual relative humidity in the Volyn region is 78.5%. The study revealed significant seasonal variations in relative humidity values, with the highest values observed in winter (85%) and the lowest in spring (72%). The spatial distribution of humidity values demonstrates distinct patterns across different seasons. In winter, elevated humidity values are recorded in the southeastern part of the region (Manevychi and Lutsk meteorological stations (MS)), while reduced values are observed in the northwest (Svitiaz MS). This distribution is primarily influenced by the higher elevation of the southern region and increasing climate continentality towards the east. Spring patterns show high values at Lutsk MS and Volodymyr MS, with lower values at Manevychi MS, largely due to the dominance of drier southeastern winds. During summer, substantial humidity is recorded in the northern (Liubeshiv MS) and northwestern parts (Svitiaz MS), while decreased values are found in the eastern part (Manevychi MS), reflecting the influence of humid western and northwestern winds.Autumn sees heightened values in the eastern part (Manevychi MS) and reduced values at western stations (Svitiaz MS and Volodymyr MS), showing an inverse relationship with temperature distribution. The research identifies temperature field and wind regime as primary factors influencing this distribution, manifesting through increased climate continentality from west to east and the impact of humid northwestern and western winds. Secondary factors include surface characteristics such as water body area, artificial surface coverage, and elevation above sea level.The study pioneers the determination of seasonal relative humidity values at the region's meteorological stations for 1977−2020 and presents the first comprehensive mapping of their spatial distribution.

LITERARY TOURISM: RESOURCE BASE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

2025-05-15T12:18:01+03:00

The features of literary tourism as a type of cultural and educational tourism, typology, types are considered. Its purpose is to familiarize oneself with landmarks, natural and ethnic features, monuments of history, architecture and modern life of the people, the features of one or another aspect described in a literary work. It can be considered as a system that provides all the opportunities for getting acquainted with the history, literature, customs, spiritual and religious values of a country or a separate region. The features of the development of literary tourism in the world and its resource base in Ukraine are identified. Literary tourism in Ukraine has sufficient potential to become one of the important types of tourism. It is a relevant and promising type of cultural tourism, has its own specific features and plays an important role: it contributes to broadening the horizons, has a clearly expressed educational orientation, satisfies the aesthetic needs of a person. Literary tourism has a beneficial impact on the socio-economic and cultural development of regions, which is manifested in an increase in tourist flows, the creation of additional jobs, the preservation of historical and cultural heritage, etc.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TOURISM POTENTIAL OF SISTER CITIES (A CASE STUDY OF UKRAINE AND THE CZECH REPUBLIC)

2025-05-15T12:22:37+03:00

The article is dedicated to the assessment of the tourism potential of sister cities Uzhhorod and Jihlava, aiming to identify competitive advantages and borrow experiences for their integration into the regional tourism services market. During the research process, we make an attempt to investigate the popularity of tourist destinations among current and potential visitors using the Google Trends tool and the “Net Promoter Score” (NPS) marketing research method, which allowed for the analysis of international recognition levels and the calculation of the visitor loyalty index for top tourist attractions in the sister cities. According to the results of the marketing research using the NPS method, the average loyalty index (NPS) for the tourism attractions market in Jihlava is 37%, while for Uzhhorod it is 39.27%.Among the recommendations that, in our opinion, will contribute to strengthening tourism cooperation between sister cities and enhancing their tourism appeal, the following aspects should be considered: development of joint tourism programs, mutual promotion, exchange of experiences and innovations, infrastructure and logistics development, involvement of local communities, creation of sister city branding, adoption of new technologies, sustainable development initiatives.Overall, the research is important for municipalities, local communities, travel agencies, other stakeholders as it provides a deeper understanding of the mechanisms for effectively utilizing the tourism potential of sister cities in the context of current challenges. Moreover, it contributes to the promotion of tourism, the development of the local economy, and the strengthening of partnerships between cities. Such a study can also serve as a foundation for the development of joint tourism products, brands, or marketing campaigns aimed at attracting more tourists.

THE BASIC TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL FRAMEWORK OF THE ZHYTOMYR REGION AND PROSPECTS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT

2025-05-15T12:26:12+03:00

The process of formation and development of the basic tourist and recreational framework of Zhytomyr region from the 50s to the present is investigated. The study is based on system-structural analysis, spatial-temporal and spatial-functional approaches. Geographic information technologies were used to visualize the existing tourist and recreational space of the region. The program GOOGLE/DYNAMICWORLD/V1 based on ArcGIS PRO and R was used to analyze the existing tourist and recreational resources of the region. The author's definition of the basic tourist and recreational framework of the territory is given, which includes a linear-nodal system of spatial organization of tourist and recreational activities, in which the nodes are developed tourist areas that have stable and regular national and transport and communication links with each other. The ways of classifying spatial structures of tourism and recreation are considered. Until 1990, the region had an underdeveloped tourist and recreational framework with few known loci for visiting, i.e. a linear type, which gradually moved to a more complex monocentric radial-ring type with the central core of arrival – Zhytomyr. It has been established that the supporting tourist and recreational framework of the region is formed on the basis of four tourist and recreational districts: Berdychiv, Zhytomyr, Zvyagel, and Korosten. Each district has its own branched system of tourist and recreational potential, an axis with its central tourist core of the second rank. The study revealed a number of factors influencing development.It has been established that, based on a comprehensive assessment of the tourist and recreational potential in the Zhytomyr region, there is a basis for the development of various types of tourism: event, sports, museum, sacred ecological, sports, rural, ecological, and health and wellness. The analysis of the origin and current state, as well as the prospects for the development of the basic tourist and recreational framework of the Zhytomyr region, allows us to conclude that it is sustainable. The results can be used to further improve regional tourism policy.

ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCTION OF CROP PRODUCTION AS THE LEADING SECTOR OF AGRICULTURE IN UKRAINE

2025-05-15T12:01:41+03:00

The article analyzes trends in the production of plant products, as a leading branch of agriculture in Ukraine. The dynamics of changes for 2013–2023 and the current state of crop production in Ukraine are considered.The key trends and determining factors influencing the development of this industry are highlighted. It was found that the deviation of the gross collection for certain agricultural crops is due to two main factors – the change in the sown area and yield. The dynamics of sown areas and yields of the main agricultural crops in farms of all categories were analyzed. The actual indicators of production of the main agricultural crops, namely cereals and legumes, sugar beets, sunflowers, potatoes, vegetables and fruit crops, were evaluated using the method of chain substitutions and absolute differences. It was revealed that the reduction in the production of grain and leguminous crops, potatoes, vegetables and fruit crops occurred exclusively due to the reduction of the sown areas of these crops, the increase in the production of sugar beet was caused exclusively by a significant increase in yield, and the increase in production of sunflower occurred due to the growth of both indicators. The dynamics of structural shifts in the plant-growing branches of agriculture across regions were analyzed with the help of the coefficient of regional overtaking, which can be used to determine the uniformity of the growth of agricultural production volumes in individual regions of Ukraine. The regions of Ukraine have been grouped according to the value of the overtaking coefficient, with the selection of regions of accelerated development, regions of medium development and regions of slow development of the crop production industries. Prospective directions for the development of crop production in Ukraine have been determined, which include the introduction of advanced technologies, the rational use of acreage, and a focus on the cultivation of export crops.

CURRENT STATE OF FOREIGN TRADE IN GOODS OF UKRAINE: REGIONAL ASPECT

2025-05-15T12:04:10+03:00

The current features of foreign trade in goods in the context of regions of Ukraine under martial law are studied. The study is based on a systematic approach using such general scientific methods as analysis and synthesis, mathematical-statistical, comparative-geographical, historical, generalization, systematization, etc.To clearly display the results of the study, cartographic and graphical methods were used. The negative impact of Russian aggression on the dynamics of foreign trade in goods in the regions of Ukraine is shown. The indicators of export and import of goods in the context of administrative regions of Ukraine for 2023 and in comparison with 2022 are analyzed. It was found that in 2023, compared to the previous year, a significant decrease in the volume of exports of goods was observed in almost all regions of Ukraine, with the exception of Vinnytsia and Chernihiv.The share of each region of Ukraine in the total volume of exports and imports of goods was calculated. Based on the calculations, it was found that in Ukraine there are significant regional differences and disproportions in the volumes of foreign trade in goods, which significantly increased during the war. It was established that the leader in exports and imports of goods remains the city of Kyiv, which accounts for more than a quarter of all exports and almost half of all imports of goods in Ukraine. The regions whose foreign trade in goods suffered the most due to active hostilities, partial or full occupation (Luhansk, Donetsk, Kherson, Mykolaiv, Zaporizhia regions) were named.The export-import coverage ratio for the regions of Ukraine was calculated and they were grouped according to this indicator into 5 groups in order to identify the most problematic regions in terms of exports of goods. The regions with the lowest coefficient value (less than 0.50) include Luhansk, Volyn, Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Lviv, Chernivtsi regions and the city of Kyiv. The highest export-import coverage ratio (over 2.00) is characteristic of Donetsk, Kirovohrad and Chernihiv regions.

DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATIONAL NATURE USE IN TERNOPIL DISTRICT

2025-05-15T12:08:30+03:00

The article investigates the peculiarities of the development of recreational nature management in the Ternopil district, Ternopil region. The review and analysis of literary sources on the problem of recreational nature management is careering out. The essence of the concept of “recreational nature management” is defending.Recreation is a set of phenomena and relations that arise as a result of the use of free time for health-improving, cognitive, sports and cultural and entertainment activities of people during daily, weekly, annual life cycles in specialized areas outside the settlement, which is not a permanent place of residence. Therefore, clean areas with a quality environment need. Along with the issues of environmental protection, a wide range of issues related to recreational use of natural resources and its development shielding is analyze ding. The article reveals the peculiarities of climatic, balneological, landscape, and water resources that ensure the development of recreational nature use in the Ternopil region. The possibilities of developing climatotherapy using aerotherapy, aerophytotherapy, and speleotherapy in individual communities of the district are substantiate ding. The peculiarities of development and use of balneological resources as the most significant and valuable development in the district within the territorial communities are revealed. The spatial and temporal organization of recreational activities and the unevenness in the provision of recreational facilities in the settlements are reveal ding. The analysis of the development of recreational and health-improving nature use: swimming and beach recreation, walking recreation, hobby activities (hunting, fishing, collecting medicinal plants) is carrying out.

GEO-CULTURAL REGIONALIZATION OF THE CHERKASУ REGION

2025-05-15T12:15:28+03:00

The article highlights modern approaches to the analysis of the process of geocultural regionalization of the spatial development of Ukraine and the influence of globalization on changing the essence of the concepts of space and territory. It has been established that in the conditions of modern realities and aggravation of conflict, focusing research attention on the trends of spatial development of Ukraine will enable to analyze the phenomena of regional asymmetry, to propose ways to minimize the imbalances that arise on this basis, and to develop algorithms for strengthening the consolidation of society.It has been proven that geocultural regionalization is not only a conceptual reference, but also a methodological toolkit for understanding the past and building modern models of spatial development of Ukraine, and therefore the problem geo-cultural regionalization of space and territorial transformations should constantly be in the focus of the state’s regional policy, as well as in the epicenter of national strategic tasks and priority directions of Ukraine’s development.It has been established that geocultural studies of the territory of Ukraine and its individual regions are an urgent problem of the state's regional policy. The essence of geographical research in the field of culture is to determine the spatial-temporal differentiation of cultural phenomena, which in turn has a positive effect on the territorial organization of society. The article proves the necessity formation of a holistic system of geocultural research with the aim of identifying geocultural regions, regions and districts of Ukraine. It has been established that geocultural zoning is a system of interrelationships of such aspects of society and the environment that have a direct impact on the population in defined spatial, temporal and geographical coordinates.The article identifies theoretical aspects and characterizes the features of geocultural regionalization of the Cherkasy region, determines the factors affecting the territorial organization of the cultural complex of the Cherkasy region.

ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE RIVER NETWORK IN THE MIDDLE DNIPRO SUB- BASIN IN THE ANTHROPOGENIC PERIOD

2025-05-15T11:33:26+03:00

This article analyses the palaeogeographic conditions of the origin and development of the river network within the Middle Dnipro sub-basin in the anthropogenic period. The article reveals the interrelation of the influence of the cover glaciations, geological and geomorphological structure of the territory with the conditions of formation and geography of fluvio-glacial streams, reservoirs and watercourses within the left bank of the Middle Dnipro.A retrospective approach and the paleogeographic method are used to integrate various sources of information, such as geological mapping data, archaeological data and the study of the lithology of the Middle Dnipro left bank in the anthropogenic period in relation to the formation of the river network of the territory during glaciations and interglaciations, especially at the stages of the Dnipro and Valdai (Saalian and Weichselian) glaciations.The development of the river network and the localisation of surface water bodies within the area during the transgressive, regressive stages of the Dnipro glaciation and its stagnation are reconstructed. The formation of river valleys is noted as a result of a series of fluvio-glacial flows, places of backwater and runoff discharge zones. The importance of using retrospection to determine the physical and geographical conditions of Pleistocene glaciations as a factor in the formation of the modern hydrological network of the region and forecasting further trends in the development of hydrological processes due to climate change is shown.The article summarises the study of the origin and development of the Middle Dnipro river network in the anthropogenic period. Particular attention is paid to the Dnipro and Valdai (Saalian and Weichselian) glaciations, which had the greatest impact on the river network of the region. The geography of fluvio-glacial streams, reservoirs and watercourses within the left bank of the Middle Dnipro is determined in relation to the geological and geomorphological features of the territory.The interaction of the cover glaciations, geological and geomorphological features of the territory, and Pleistocene paleoclimatic conditions are the main factors of formation and geography of fluvio-glacial streams, surface water bodies and watercourses within the left bank of the Middle Dnipro.

HYDROGRAPHY AND WATER RESOURCES OF POLAND: STATE, USE, MANAGEMENT

2025-05-15T11:40:15+03:00

The article is devoted to the study of hydrography and water resources of Poland, which is washed by the Baltic Sea. The Polish coast of this sea is 510 km, and together with the Szczecin and Vistula Bays –770 km.The rivers of Poland mainly belong to the catchment of the Baltic Sea (99.7%), which washes the territory of the country, a small part – to the Black (0.2%) and North (0.1%) seas. It has about 26000 rivers, the length of which exceeds 10 km, and the Vistula is the largest river of the Baltic Sea basin and Poland (1047 km, 194424 km2).The basins of the main rivers of the country flowing into the Baltic Sea occupy a significant territory of Poland: Vistula ‒ 55.7%; Odra – 33.9%. According to the hydrographic zoning of the country, carried out in accordance with the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive, 9 river basin districts are distinguished on the territory of Poland: Vistula; Odra; Dniester, Danube; Banuvka; Laba; Nieman; Pregolia; Cool in the Vistula, Odra, Danube and Laba basins, water regions (sub-basins) have been allocated. Poland is one of the European countries that is rich in lakes (9300 with an area of more than 1 ha), located mainly in the northern part of the country – the Pomeranian and Masurian Lake Districts. The largest lakes are Snyardvy (113.8 km2) and Mamry (104.4 km2).There are more than 140 reservoirs in the country with a capacity exceeding 1 million m3. The largest in terms of area is the Wlocław reservoir (70.4 km2, on the Vistula River), the largest in terms of volume is the Solin reservoir (0.47 km3, on the San River).The average annual volume of total renewable water resources in Poland is 60.5 km3/year, of which 88.6% are internal (local) water resources (53.6 km3/year), and 11.4% are external water resources (6.9 km3/year) Indicator of total water resources per 1 person – 1604 m3/year, internal water resources per 1 person – 1422 m3/year. The coefficient of external dependence of water resources is 11.4%. A modern institutional structure of water resources management has been created in the country. The state water holding “Polish Waters” is the central institution for the management of water resources in the country.

FORMATION OF FLOOD RUN: FEATURES, PROBLEMS AND CALCULATIONS

2025-05-15T11:43:37+03:00

The work is devoted to issues of constructive geography, in particular, a comprehensive study of the organization of rain runoff in complex conditions, changed by natural processes or the influence of economic activity.The formation of rain floods, which cause significant damage to both people and the national economy. Is influenced by a whole complex of both natural and anthropogenic factors. The relevance of this topic is due to the complex socio-ecological situation in the Dnieper river basins, since for decades aquatic ecosystems have been used for both industrial and agricultural production. The purpose of the study is to analyze factors, both natural and anthropogenic, on the process of forming riverbed runoff, to determine mathematical dependencies for its adequate calculation, which change the natural features of hydrographs. Currently, methods based on both direct instrumental measurements and the construction of various digital models are used to determine the volume of rain runoff. The study used methods of analysis and synthesis, hydrological analogy, mathematical statistics, cartography, GIS technologies and a method of comparative assessment of both landscape and ecological characteristics. The study identified the main factors influencing the formation of heavy downpours. The spatio-temporal features of the dynamics of precipitation, the formation of rain floods from them and their impact on erosion processes were highlighted, which made it possible to determine erosion-hazardous territories taking into account modern conditions. The novelty of the work is that the considered process of organization of rain runoff comprehensively reveals the mechanism of its formation in the conditions of modern changes, allows to increase the accuracy of the calculated value and opens up new opportunities for its improvement. The article proposes a number of new approaches to existing mathematical dependencies, built on the basis of the theory of isochrones, for a more accurate representation of the processes of calculating rain runoff costs. The resulting mathematical model can be used to predict rain runoff from various surfaces, both natural and modified due to anthropogenic impact, which can subsequently become the basis for the development of environmental protection measures. The presented set of studies and calculations creates a scientific basis for the development of schemes for rational nature management taking into account anthropogenic changes.

USE OF THE WATER BALANCE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A PREDICTIVE CONCEPTUAL HYDROGEOLOGICAL MODEL UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF LIMITED INPUT DATA

2025-05-15T11:47:52+03:00

The goal of ecologically balanced water use is to ensure the functioning of ecosystems at a level that is as close to natural as possible. The exploitation of water resources should not be accompanied by the degradation of hydroecosystems above the acceptable minimum level. Sustainable groundwater extraction faces challenges due to limited knowledge and tools to understand groundwater dynamics. Accurate groundwater recharge forecasts are crucial for assessing the impact of climate change on groundwater resources, as well as for effective planning and management. A balance assessment helps determine whether withdrawals and recharge in an aquifer are well balanced, which is crucial for water management. Today, as the population’s need for access to high-quality and sustainable drinking water increases, groundwater is increasingly being used for water supply. The problems of water supply and groundwater quality are of strategic importance and require a comprehensive approach.The study of the groundwater system usually involves predicting the state of this system in the future under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors that shape it. The degree of disturbance to the natural groundwater regime depends on many factors, but primarily on the structure of the geofiltration medium, the type of water exchange basin, the depth of underground development, the nature of development and the degree of anthropogenic load. To determine changes in hydrodynamic conditions, it is important to determine the groundwater balance. The modeled water balance using the ArcMap tool, namely Darcy Flow, allows us to identify and clarify the conditions of groundwater supply and discharge, and draw conclusions about the quantitative relationships between different components of the system's water balance. To assess the state of drinking aquifers, especially their quality indicators, it is necessary to rely on monitoring results. The results of the study demonstrate the feasibility of applying balance methods in the hydrogeological monitoring system along with spatial analysis and modeling in GIS to assess and predict the state of drinking aquifers in order to ensure balanced water use.

LAKE RESOURCES OF THE KOVEL ADMINISTRATIVE DISTRICT AND PROSPECTS FOR THEIR USE IN RECREATIONAL AND TOURIST ACTIVITIES

2025-05-15T11:55:31+03:00

The article deals with a comprehensive study of the resources of the lakes of the Kovel administrative district of the Volyn region of Ukraine and the prospects for their use in recreational activities. The analysis of the most important hydrological and morphometric characteristics of lakes was carried out. Lakes are crucial for the development of tourism and recreation in the context of united territorial communities and basins of the most important rivers. It was established that significant natural resources of lakes (the total area of the water mirror is 10 941.85 hectares, the volume of water mass reaches 457 907.1 thousand m3) were concentrated in the area.Significant reserves of lake deposits (sapropels) are available in the studied territory, which can be used in various sectors of the economy. Sapropel resources are represented by carbonate (22 938.6 thousand tons), ferruginous (11 391.5 thousand tons), organo-silicate (7329.4 thousand tons), organic (4839.3 thousand tons) and siliceous (470.5 thousand tons) classes and amount to 46.9 million tons. Sapropels of organic and organo-silicate classes (12 168.7 thousand tons) are promising for balneological use. Natural resources of lakes can be widely used in various sectors of the economy, agriculture and recreational and tourist activities (water sports, fishing, beach holidays, balneology, etc.) in the future.

PATTERNS OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONING OF RIVERBED AND FLOODPLAIN LANDSCAPES OF THE CHEREMOSH RIVER

2025-05-15T11:58:51+03:00

The landscape approach in the study of riverbeds and floodplains is important both scientifically and as a component of planning the management of their quality, the management of river basins. The article is devoted to the identification of natural changes in the structure and functioning of the landscapes of the river and floodplain of the Cheremosh River within the foothill section of the current, which are caused by human activity. The study methodology included a comprehensive analysis of data on changes in the structure of the riverbed and floodplain in plan, on changes in vertical position, as well as an analysis of the nature of the channel process in natural and anthropogenically changed conditions. Used map dates for the period 1863–1977, as well as data from space images for the period of the beginning of the 21st century. Hydrological observations were also used. Parts of information relevant for the description of natural and anthropogenically changed states of landscapes of the riverbed and floodplain are allocated. Methods of expeditionary research are applied, in particular, to identify the process of anthropogenic incision of the river. Processing and presentation of information about the riverbed, floodplain, river valley, their homogeneous areas was carried out using GIS technologies. Identification of river landscapes is carried out on the basis of the application of the methodology of Yu. S. Yushchenko. Five homogeneous sections of the channel and floodplain of the river have been identified. Cheremosh. They are the hydromorphological basis of the corresponding units of the young river landscape.Parts Cheremosh River in the foothills of the Carpathians is characterized by typical features of channel and floodplain processes for such sections of rivers. These are areas of developed alluvial plains and free development of the “flow-river bad-floodplain system”. The main regularity is the development of a branched channel, which is transformed with distance from the mountains due to the processes of hydraulic sorting of sediments and the corresponding self-regulation. At the same time, the river landscape is formed in accordance with such changes and in connection with the action of local conditions of the river valley.To the main anthropogenic factors of changes in the natural state of landscapes r. Cheremosh includes systems of engineering structures (primarily dikes) and removal of riverbed alluvium. The effect of these factors is analyzed by their hydromorphological consequences within the natural units of the river landscape and in general throughout the site. Important consequences are changes in the channel process associated with the anthropogenic incision of the river, as well as changes in the structure of the young river landscape, which affect the nature of the functioning of the flow-river bad-floodplain system and the nature of ecosystems.

CZECHS IN UKRAINE: ENCYCLOPEDIC REFERENCE GUIDE

2025-05-15T12:36:49+03:00

CZECHS IN UKRAINE: ENCYCLOPEDIC REFERENCE GUIDE

ANALYSIS OF THE ENERGY SUPPLY STATUS IN UKRAINE

2025-05-15T12:29:32+03:00

The existence of humans and human civilization requires energy and sources of this energy (energy resources), which are understood as substances that contain energy suitable for practical use.Each year, humanity consumes more and more energy and becomes increasingly dependent on fossil fuels.However, while in the past the growing demand could be met by increasing fossil fuel extraction (using traditional sources of electricity), today this is becoming an increasingly complex task, as traditional sources are gradually being depleted and will eventually be exhausted. Moreover, their extraction is becoming increasingly difficult and costly. In addition, the large-scale use of fossil fuels causes significant harm to the environment.Given that the current conditions for the functioning of all spheres of society generate an increasing demand for energy supply, humanity has begun to utilize alternative energy sources. Therefore, one of the priority directions of the energy sector, both globally and in Ukraine, is the transition to renewable energy sources, which, firstly, have inexhaustible resources; secondly, make it possible to enhance energy and environmental security; and thirdly, reduce the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment (NE).

GEOECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF CHALK MINING (DACHNE DEPOSIT)

2025-05-15T12:32:44+03:00

The purpose of the article is realization of geoecological analysis of consequences of chalk mining near a village Dachne Lutsk territorial society. The theoretical and methodical aspects of research of terms of places of accumulation of chalk and features of mining are reasonable. The ideas of historical, system and ecological approaches are taken into account, that allowed to define the basic stages of exploitation of supplies of chalk in a village Dachne, correlation between the components of the system are researched, to consider the prospects of optimization of he state of environment of the investigated territory. Geoecological researches came true in direction of determination of terms of forming and places of accumulation of chalk, analysis of her quality, methods of mining and problems. For comparison of the state of supplies the controlled from distance facilities of sounding of Еarth are used in different periods, namely satellite resources of Eobrauzer, Google Earth Pro.Factors of forming of technogenic elements of relief are educed. Geoecological features of deposit of chalk near а village Dachne are researched. On the surface of investigational territory the technogenic forms of relief – careers and dumps were formed. The accumulation of garbage into careers and dumps іs discovered. The modern state of the broken land and their influence on the territories are researched. The prospects of protection and rational use of the investigated territory are certain, in particular it is suggested to optimisation the state of the broken land by their recultivation in directions that are expedient taking into account the natural features of locality and necessities of population and will provide their return in the use. Expediency of introduction of forestry and recreational recultivation is reasonable.