PECULIARITIES OF SPEECH DEVELOPMENT OF YOUNG CHILDREN

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the specifics of speech development of children aged from birth to three years. The authors highlight the key stages of speech formation at an early age, starting from the preverbal period (crying, humming, babbling) to the appearance of the first words and phrases. The physiological and psychological prerequisites for speech development are considered, including the role of the central nervous system, auditory analyser, articulation apparatus and cognitive processes. The physiological (central nervous system, hearing, articulation apparatus) and psychological (cognitive processes) prerequisites for speech development, as well as the influence of the social environment (communication with adults, imitation, games) are analysed. The factors that negatively affect speech development (heredity, perinatal damage, illness, unfavourable environment) are highlighted. An analysis of possible deviations in speech development, methods of their diagnosis and correction are presented. Recommendations for parents and teachers on creating optimal conditions for speech development (educational games, exercises, techniques) are given. Considerable attention is paid to the influence of the social environment on the formation of speech skills. The importance of communication with adults, imitation, speech games and other forms of interaction to stimulate speech development is emphasised. The authors analyse the factors that can negatively affect speech development, such as heredity, perinatal injuries, somatic diseases, and unfavourable social environment. The article also presents an analysis of possible deviations in the speech development of young children and discusses methods of their diagnosis and correction. Recommendations for parents and teachers on creating optimal conditions for children’s speech development, including the use of special developmental games, exercises and techniques, are given. In general, the article provides a comprehensive overview of the peculiarities of the speech development of young children, highlighting both normative aspects and possible deviations. The material will be useful for specialists working with young children (paediatricians, neurologists, speech therapists, psychologists, teachers), as well as for parents who want to better understand the process of speech development in their children.