UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE TEXTBOOK AS A MEANS OF DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING IN STUDENTS OF GRADES 7–9

Abstract

The article considers the problem of developing critical thinking in Ukrainian language lessons using textbooks. It is emphasised that the Ukrainian language as a subject has significant potential for developing students' critical thinking, primarily through work with texts that raise current life problems. Analysing linguistic phenomena, interpreting certain statements, comparing stylistic devices, identifying a problem (linguistic, speech or life) in the text, students learn to reason, express assumptions, produce ideas for solving the problem, justify and evaluate their own opinion. The research indicates that scientists and practitioners are trying to solve the problem of developing critical thinking in the context of a competency-based approach aimed at preparing students for life in the conditions of dynamic changes in the information society. The competency-based approach directs Ukrainian language lessons simultaneously to the mastery of language and speech theory and to the development of deep and systematic thinking and speech. The need to separate the section "Information" in the model curriculum is substantiated, which contributes not only to the intellectual development of students, but also to the formation of information hygiene – the ability to consciously perceive and apply information. The topics proposed within the "Information" section for study in Ukrainian language lessons in grades 7-9 are presented, as well as sample exercises. It is emphasised that the separation of the content direction of the development of students' critical thinking in Ukrainian language lessons provides teachers with an effective tool for the formation of an independent, responsible personality, ready for the challenges of a digital society, who searches, analyses, and critically evaluates information. In addition, the introduction of socially significant information increases students' motivation to learn, forms their independence, and enhances their ability to reflect.