ORGANIZATIONAL AND SOCIOPSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO INCLUSIVE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS

Abstract

The article discusses key organizational and socio-psychological approaches to educating children with special educational needs (SEN) in order to build a more sustainable inclusive society in Ukraine during martial law and the post-war recovery period. It includes a review of both Ukrainian and international research in the field of inclusive education psychology. It was revealed how psychological theories and practices can promote the inclusion of learners: children in preschool institutions and students in the school education system. The article presents practical experience in organizing inclusive education in the Republic of Poland, which concerns the organization of effective forms of the educational process using approaches that create the most favorable conditions for learning, psychological and pedagogical assistance, and socialization of children with SEN on an equal footing with other children. The study analyzes the differences between inclusive, integrated, and segregated educational approaches. The central focus is on organizational models, forms of psychological and pedagogical support, teacher training, and systemic challenges. The results show that successful inclusion depends on early intervention, interdisciplinary cooperation, a reliable legal and institutional framework, and society’s acceptance of psychophysiological diversity as a value. A comparative analysis of traditional and inclusive forms of education is provided. The advantages of an inclusive educational environment for the mental well-being, quality of perception of educational materials, and social development of students with SEN and healthy children are demonstrated. Psychological problems and obstacles that may arise for students, teachers, parents, and the wider school community are also considered. The study outlines five key levels needed to build a sustainable inclusive environment in times of war and recovery: legal, organizational, social, educational, and psychological.